Correction, Retraction and Removal Policy

Introduction and Ethical Principles

Compliance with research ethics is fundamental for the Revista Educação e Linguagens (Journal of Education and Languages). To ensure the integrity of published knowledge, the journal adopts the following policies and procedures for correction, retraction, and removal of texts, in accordance with best editorial practices.

Detection of Plagiarism and Misconduct

Initial Analysis: All submitted texts are preliminarily analyzed by Copyspider software to check for similarity and potential plagiarism.

Definition of Plagiarism: Plagiarism is considered, according to established dictionaries and the Office of Research Integrity (ORI), the act of:

  • Presenting the work, intellectual property, or ideas of others as one's own.
  • Substantially copying text without proper attribution.
  • Committing intellectual fraud.

Self-Plagiarism (Content Recycling): The reuse of significant portions of one's own previously published texts without proper citation is considered misconduct. Self-citation must be limited to a maximum of 10% of the text.

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

  • Texts generated entirely by AI are not accepted.
  • The use of AI to generate or assist content must be explicitly declared and cited (according to ABNT standards), identifying the specific content generated and the tool used.
  • This declaration must appear visibly at the beginning of the document (author's note, abstract, or pre-introduction statement).

Sanctions for Plagiarism and Misconduct

Pre-publication: Texts with a similarity rate above 40% are analyzed in depth. Proof of plagiarism or misconduct results in immediate rejection.

Post-publication: The discovery of plagiarism after publication will result in the removal of the text from the journal's platforms, the publication of a formal retraction, and, depending on the severity, the banning of the author from future submissions, by decision of the Editorial Board.

Correction Policy (Errata)

Corrections are published when a published article contains errors that do not invalidate its conclusions but must be rectified.

Reasons for Correction:

  • Errors in the presentation or discussion of results (analysis failures, data correction).
  • Errors in citation and/or references (authorship, date).
  • Specific conceptual and/or methodological errors.

Types of Correction:

  • Author Correction:Initiated by the lead author, who notifies the error. All authors must sign the correction notice.
  • Editor Correction:Relates to errors introduced during the journal's editing or production process.
  • Author/Editor Addendum:Notification of additional information crucial for understanding the text, usually in response to reader requests for clarification. The publication of an addendum is deliberated by a committee appointed by the Editorial Board.

Procedure:

  • Spelling or grammatical errors that do not impair scientific understanding do not generate published corrections, to preserve the original version.
  • Only corrections related to serious errors that affect scientific integrity are made and formally documented.

Retraction Policy

Retractions are necessary when serious errors invalidate the text's conclusions or when there is evidence of scientific misconduct.

Reasons for Retraction:

  • Fabrication or falsification of data and information.
  • Proven plagiarism or self-plagiarism.
  • Authorship abuses (ghost authors).
  • Intentional omission of data to support a conclusion.
  • Non-declaration of the use of Artificial Intelligence for content production.
  • False claims of authorship or multiple submissions.

Procedure:

  • The retraction should ideally be initiated by the authors themselves, who must immediately contact the Responsible Editors.
  • All co-authors must be aware and must sign the retraction, specifying the errors and their impact on the discussions and conclusions.
  • In case of disagreement among the authors, the Editorial Board or ad hocreviewers will be consulted to decide on the retraction or removal of the text.

Removal Policy

The complete removal of the text from the journal's platforms is an extreme measure, reserved for the most serious cases.

Reasons for Removal:

  • Discovery of massive plagiarism or serious scientific misconduct after publication.
  • Court order or legal decision.
  • Compliance with the final decision of the Editorial Board in cases of ethical violation that irremediably compromise the validity of the work.

Procedure:

  • The text is removed from the journal's website, and a notice of removal is published in its place, explaining the reasons for the action.

Additional Ethical Guidelines

  • Research with Human Beings:For research involving human beings, authors must identify the ethics committee that approved the study, confirm compliance with local guidelines, and attach the approval documents and the Informed Consent Form during submission.
  • Vulnerable Groups:For studies with vulnerable groups, authors must write a specific statement about the circumstances of authorization.
  • Sex and Gender:It is recommended to follow the SAGER guidelines (Sex and Gender Equity in Research), using the terms "sex" (biological attribute) and "gender" (sociocultural construction) accurately.

Final Provisions

This policy is publicly available on the Revista Educação e Linguagens website. The Editorial Board reserves the right to decide on the application of these guidelines in each specific case, always guided by ethics, transparency, and scientific integrity.

References

DICIONÁRIO Eletrônico Houaiss. Dicionário da língua portuguesa. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2009. (CD-ROM)

HEIDARI, S. et al. Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use. Research Integrity and Peer Review, London, v. 1, n. 2, p. 1-9, 3 May 2016. DOI: 10.1186/s41073-016-0007-6. Disponível em: https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41073-016-0007-6. Acesso em: 18 out. 2025.

Merriam-Webster: America’s most trusted dictionary. Disponível em: https://www.merriam-webster.com/. Acesso em: 18 out. 2025.

ORI - the office of research integrity. Disponível em: https://ori.hhs.gov/. Acesso em: 18 out. 2025.

SMITH, C. J. Ethical behaviour in the e-classroom: What the online student needs to know. Sawston (UK): Woodhead, 2012.

VAN EPPS, H. et al. The Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines: Implementation and Checklist Development. European Science Editing, [S. l.], v. 48, p. e86910, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3897/ese.2022.e86910. Acesso em: 18 out. 2025.