A Pop Art como material artístico da modernidade no Rock e suas distinções na Inglaterra e nos EUA

Vanessa Pironato Milani; José Cesar Fernandes Gomes

doi:10.33871/vortex.2025.13.10047

Authors

Vanessa Pironato Milani Unesp/Franca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-7476
José Cesar Fernandes Gomes Unesp/Franca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-823X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33871/vortex.2025.13.10047

Keywords:

Rock, Counterculture, Beatles, David Bowie, Pop art

Abstract

In the 1960s, rock was deeply connected to counterculture, allowing musicians to explore new sonic and visual forms in an environment open to experimentation. In this context, many bands engaged in dialogue with pop art, both in England and the United States. This article examines these interactions through the works of the Beatles and David Bowie, artists who emerged from the underground and connected with pop aesthetics at different moments. We highlight the uniqueness of British pop art in the collages found in the Beatles’ productions between 1967 and 1969, and the minimalism of the American strand in Bowie's work during the 1970s. Contrary to the often homogeneous view attributed to pop art, we aim to contribute to a broader debate on the relationship between art and rock in the 1960s and 70s, emphasizing the creative possibilities that arose from the dialogue between these different media.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Vanessa Pironato Milani, Unesp/Franca

Currently a postdoctoral researcher at Unesp/Franca, focusing on the Beatles and English counterculture. She holds a PhD in History (2022) from Unesp/Franca, funded by Capes; a Master’s degree in History (2015) from Unesp/Assis, with a CNPq scholarship; and a Bachelor's degree in History from the same university. She is a member of the Cultural Studies Group (GECU) at Unesp/Franca (http://dgp.cnpq.br/dgp/espelhogrupo/8109568788800220). Her work is in the field of Cultural History, with an emphasis on History and Music, Counterculture, and English Rock. ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-7476 Email: vanessapironato@yahoo.com.br

José Cesar Fernandes Gomes , Unesp/Franca

PhD candidate in History at Unesp/Franca, with research funded by CAPES. He holds a Master’s degree in History from the same institution, with the dissertation "The Wreckage of a Delinquent Youth: David Bowie and 1970s Rock" (2023), also supported by CAPES. He earned his Bachelor's degree in History from São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho. He is a member of the Cultural Studies Group (GECU) at Unesp/Franca (http://dgp.cnpq.br/dgp/espelhogrupo/8109568788800220). His work focuses on Cultural History, with an emphasis on History and Music, Counterculture, Rock, and David Bowie. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-823X Email: jose.cesar@unesp.br

References

Jornais e Revistas:

The Village Voice, Nova Iorque, ago. 1975. Acervo pessoal e acervo online podendo ser acessado em: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=KEtq3P1Vf8oC&dat=19750818&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

Discografia principal:

BEATLES. Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band.London: Parlophone,1967. LP.

DAVID BOWIE. Hunky Dory. London: Parlophone, 2015 [remasterizado do LP original de 1971]. 1 CD (41min52s.). Disponível no Spotify.

DAVID BOWIE. Heroes. London: Warner Music Group Company., 2016 [remasterizado do LP original de 1977]. 1 CD (38min.). Disponível no Spotify.

Bibliografia

ADORNO, Theodor. Sobre Música Popular. Trad. Flávio R. Kothe, in G. Cohn, (org.), Col. Grandes Cientistas Sociais, vol. 54. São Paulo: Ática, 1986.

ADORNO, Theodor; HORKHEIMER, Max. A indústria cultural: o iluminismo como mistificação de massas. Pp. 169 a 214. In: LIMA, Luiz Costa. Teoria da cultura de massa. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 2002. 364p.

ALLOWAY, Lawrence. O desenvolvimento da Arte Pop britânica. In: LIPPARD, Lucy. A Arte Pop. Lisboa: Editorial Verbo, 1973.

AUSLANDER, Philip. Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2006.

BÜRGER, Peter. Teoria da Vanguarda. São Paulo: Ubu Editora, 2017.

BÜRGER, Peter. Avant-Garde and Neo-Avant-Garde: An Attempt to Answer Certain Critics of Theory of the Avant-Garde. New Literary History, v. 41, p. 695-715, 2010.

BYRNE, David. How Music Works. Edinburgh: Canongate Books Ltd, 2012.

CONNOR, Steven. Cultura Pós-Moderna: Introdução às teorias do contemporâneo. São Paulo: Edições Loyola, 2012.

DIAS, Marcia Tosta. Os Donos da Voz: Indústria Fonográfica e Mundialização da Cultura. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2000.

FAULK, Barry J. Modernist Rock Constructs the Folk: The Beatles’ Magical Mystery Tour. In: British Rock Modernism, 1967-1977: The Story of Music Hall in Rock. England: Ashgate, 2010.

FENERICK, José Adriano; CONTE, Marco Abrão; PORTUGAL, Ana Raquel. A História Nas Artes. Curitiba: Editora Appris Ltda, 2023.

FENERICK, José Adriano. Nas Trilhas do Rock: Contracultura e Vanguarda. Curitiba: Editora Appris Ltda, 2021.

FENERICK, José Adriano; SOUZA, Rainer. Nas Trilhas do Rock: Experimentalismo e Mercado Musical. Goiânia: Editora Kelps, 2018.

FENERICK, José Adriano. Nas Trilhas Do Rock: Psicodelia e Underground Anglo-americano. Curitiba: Editora Appris Ltda, 2025.

FENERICK, José Adriano. Façanhas Às Próprias Custas: Produção Musical Da Vanguarda Paulista (1979-2000). São Paulo: Annablume, 2007.

FENERICK, José Adriano; MARQUIONI, Carlos Eduardo. Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band: Uma Colagem de Sons e Imagens. Revista de História e Estudos Culturais, [S. l.], Janeiro/Fevereiro/Março 2008.

FOSTER, Hal. O Retorno do Real. São Paulo: Cosac & Naify, 2014.

FRITH, Simon; HORNE, Howard. Art into Pop. Londres: Routledge, 1989.

GREENBERG, Clement. A Pintura Modernista 1960. In: FERREIRA, Glória; MELLO, Cecília Cotrim de. Clement Greenberg e o Debate Crítico. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor Ltda, 1996.

GREENBERG, Clement. Vanguarda e Kitsch 1939. In: FERREIRA, Glória; MELLO, Cecília Cotrim de. Clement Greenberg e o Debate Crítico. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor Ltda, 1996.

GOMES, José C. F. Os Destroços De Uma Juventude Delinquente: David Bowie e o rock da década de 1970. 2023. Dissertação (Mestrado em História). Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Franca, 2023.

GROSSBERG, Lawrence. Is There Rock After Punk? In: FRITH, Simon; GOODWIN, Andrew. On Record: Rock, Pop, and the Written Word. New York and London: Routledge, 1990.

GRUNENBERG, Christoph; HARRIS, Jonathan (ed.). Summer of Love: Psychedelic Art, Social Crisis and Counterculture in the 1960s. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2005.

HEBDIGE, Dick. Subculture: The Meaning of Style. London and New York: Routledge, 1979.

HICKS, Michael. Sixties Rock: garage, psychedelic, and other satisfactions. Chicago. Marston Book Services Limited. 2000.

JAMESON, Fredric. Reification and Utopia in Mass Culture. In: Signatures of the Visible. London: Routledge, 1992.

JAMESON, Fredric. Postmodernism and Consumer Society. In: FOSTER, Hal (ed.). The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture. Port Townsend, Washington: Bay Press, 1983.

LIPPARD, Lucy R. A Arte Pop. Rio de Janeiro: Gris, Impressores, S. A. R. L., 1973.

MACAN, Edward. The Birth of Progressive Rock. In: Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture. New York, 1997. Online edn, Oxford Academic, 3 Oct. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195098884.003.0002. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.

McCARTHY, David. Arte Pop. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2002.

MILES, Barry. In the Seventies: Adventures in the Counterculture. London: Serpent’s Tail, 2011.

MILES, Barry. London Calling: A Countercultural History of London Since 1945. London: Atlantic Books, 2010.

MILANI, Vanessa Pironato. Sisters, O Sisters, Lets Stand Up Right Now: O Processo de Feminilização do Rock na Época da Contracultura e da Nova Esquerda, 1966-1974. 2022. Tese (Doutorado em História). Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP/Franca, 2022.

NAPOLITANO, Marcos. A Síncope das Ideias: A Questão da Tradição na Música Popular Brasileira. São Paulo: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo, 2007.

NAPOLITANO, Marcos. Seguindo a Canção: Engajamento Político e Indústria Cultural na MPB (1959-1969). São Paulo: Editora Annablume, 2001.

NELSON, Elizabeth. The British Counter-Culture, 1966-73: A Study of the Underground Press. London: THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD, 1989.

ROSZAK, Theodore. A Contracultura: Reflexões sobre a sociedade tecnocrática e a oposição juvenil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Vozes LTDA, 1972.

SIMONELLI, David. Working Class Heroes: Rock Music and British Society in the 1960s and 1970s. London: Lexington Books, 2013.

STRAW, Will. Characterizing Rock Music Culture: The Case of Heavy Metal. In: FRITH, Simon; GOODWIN, Andrew. On Record: Rock, Pop, and the Written Word. New York and London: Routledge, 1990.

STRAW, Will; HORNE, Howard. Art into Pop. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd, 1987.

WARNER, Simon. The Banality of Degradation: Andy Warhol, the Velvet Underground and the Trash Aesthetic. In: SKLOWER, Jedediah; WHITELY, Sheila. Countercultures and Popular Music. England: Ashgate, 2014.

WHITELEY, Sheila; SKLOWER, Jedediah (eds.). Countercultures and Popular Music. New York: Routledge, 2014.

WHITELEY, Sheila. The Space Between the Notes: Rock and the Counter-Culture. 1992.

WILSON, Andrew. Spontaneous Underground: An Introduction to London Psychedelic Scenes 1965-1968. In: GRUNENBERG, Christoph; HARRIS, Jonathan (eds.). Summer of Love: Psychedelic Art, Social Crisis and Counterculture in the 1960s. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2005.

WILLIAMS, Raymond. Cultura. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra. 2008.

WILLIAMS, Raymond. Marxismo e literatura. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1979.