DESAFIOS E AVANÇOS GLOBAIS DO ODS 6 EM ÁGUA, SANEAMENTO E HIGIENE: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA (2019–2023)

Abstract

The UN's 2030 Agenda includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aimed at addressing global challenges such as poverty eradication and environmental sustainability. SDG 6 focuses on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), which are essential for health and well-being. However, achieving SDG 6 faces significant global challenges. This study aims to systematically and bibliometrically review the development of SDG 6 worldwide, focusing on WASH. Data were collected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, and the articles were organized using the PRISMA method. The bibliometric analysis, conducted with VOSviewer and Excel, included 66 articles published between 2019 and 2023. The analysis indicated that, to achieve SDG 6, it is necessary to invest in water and sanitation infrastructure, implement inclusive and sustainable policies, efficiently manage water resources, and promote international cooperation and financial resource mobilization. The results revealed that, despite progress, many challenges remain: Indigenous communities in the Amazon, such as the Shawi, lag behind in meeting SDG 6 indicators; various regions in Africa fail in WASH initiatives due to a lack of community health promoters and limited financial resources; there is a significant disparity between rural and urban areas, with rural regions often relying on poor quality surface water; and universal access to water and sanitation by 2030, particularly in Africa, remains a significant challenge. Additionally, countries like Bangladesh face issues exacerbated by rapid urban growth and inadequate sanitation infrastructure.